Mendel University in Brno 

Sample abstract

Sample abstract

Systémové šíření Agrobacterium vitis a A. tumefaciens v xylémových cévách révy vinné

Systemic movement of Agrobacterium vitis and A. tumefaciens within xylem vessels
of grapevine

Václav Krejzar¹, Václav Kůdela¹, Iveta Pánková¹ & Petr Ackermann²

¹Výzkumný ústav rostlin výroby, Praha-Ruzyně; krejzar@vurv.cz

²Státní rostlinolékařská správa, Brno

V letech 2007–2008 jsme v plodných a podnožových vinicích na Jižní Moravě odebírali vzorky xylémové tekutiny s cílem zjistit frekvenci výskytu dvou druhů bakterií rodu Agrobacterium způsobujících nádorovitost révy vinné. Xylémovou tekutinu jsme odebírali na 8 lokalitách z keřů odlišných odrůd a různého stáří, s příznaky a bez příznaků bakteriální nádorovitosti. Z jednoletých výhonů jsme na jaře těsně před rašením oček nebo na začátku rašení odebrali celkem 282 vzorků xylémové tekutiny. Přítomnost druhu Arobacterium tumefaciens jsme identifikovali u 15 % vzorků z 8 lokalit. Naproti tomu druh A. vitis jsme zjistili u necelých 3 % vzorků z 5 lokalit. Z výsledků vyplývá požadavek, aby k výsadbě vinic byl používán výsadbový materiál prostý přítomnosti obou druhů původců bakteriální nádorovitosti.

Grapevine agrobacteria cause crown gall throughout the world where grapevine is grown. In the Czech Republic, an increased occurrence of crown gall has been observed in newly planted grapevine that not infrequently resulted in dying of grapevine plants in years 2005–2006.

The objectives of this study were: 1. to estimate the frequency of occurrence of two potential grapevine crown gall pathogens, Agrobacterium vitis and A. tumefaciens, in region of South Moravia, the Czech Republic; 2. to verify similarity or difference in systemic movement of two Agrobacterium species in xylem vessels of grapevine during spring bleeding. Xylem sap samples were collected from commercial and rootstock vineyards on 8 distinct localities in region of South Moravia in 2007 and 2008. Each year, on one surveyed vineyard, samples were taken from 20–25 grapevine plants of various ages and cultivars, both with apparent crown gall symptoms and apparently uninfected plants.

During grapevine spring bleeding, e.g. close to bud burst time, cane was cut and xylem sap (3–15 ml) from each tested plant was collected in sterile vial and placed in refrigerated box for transport in laboratory. Samples of centrifugated xylem sap were streaked on nutrient agar media in Petri dishes. Obtained pure cultures of bacterial isolates resembling agrobacteria were identified using BiologGN2 MicroPlate^TM System.

Of 282 tested samples, grapevine agrobacteria were identified in 15% samples. A. tumefaciens was identified in 8% samples from all 8 localities, whereas A. vitis only in les than 3% samples from 5 localities. Surprisingly, A. tumefaciens prevailed over A. vitis in xylem sap of grapevine on surveyed vineyards in 2006 an 2007. Although some authors failed isolate A. tumefaciens from grapevine sap, results of study presented here unambiguously demonstrate a systemic moving and surviving both A. vitis and A. tumefaciens within xylem vessels of grapevine. This finding means that not only A. vitis, but also A. tumefaciens can be distributed within rootstock and scion infected reproductive material.

The research was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture CR, NAZV, project no. QH71248.